Chapter 3 - Plant Growth and Adaptations page A68

Unit A Chapter 3 Notes

Vocabulary

carbon dioxide - 

nutrient - 

photosynthesis - 

dormancy - 

transpiration - 

taproot - 

fibrous root - 

germinate - 

stamen - 

pistil - 

pollination - 

spore - 

tuber - 

Lesson 1: Life Support for Plants

·        There is a big difference between plants and animals

·        Plants make their own food

·        Plants need carbon dioxide to make food

·        Carbon dioxide is breathed out by animals

·        Nutrients come from the ground brought by the roots

·        Some of the water is taken in by the plant’s leaves but most of it is taken in by the roots.

·        Photosynthesis is the process in which a plant makes food.

·        Water and nutrients come in from the roots in the ground

·        Carbon dioxide and sunlight are brought in through the leaves

·        Light is trapped in the chlorophyll

·        The light is energy that helps the plant turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar or food

·        Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis and is let out of the leaf.

·        Plants have adaptations

o Waterlilies have long stems that grow to the surface of the water

o at the surface, the leaf unrolls to collect carbon dioxide and sunlight

o Vines climb things to be able to reach the sunlight on top

o Cacti store water to use when there is no rain

o Their roots stay close to the surface of the ground to suck up the water as soon as it falls.

 Review Questions

1. What does air contain for plants?
2. What is in soil that plants need?
3. HOw is water taken in by plants?
4. How is carbon dioxide taken in and oxygen given off by a plant?
5. What traps energy from sunlight?
6. How is water taken in and moved through a plant to its leaves?
7. How do waterlilies capture sunlight?
8. What adaptation do vines have?
9. What adaptation do cacti have to collect rainwater?
10. How are waterlilies and vines similar?
11. How is the cactus stem adapted for dry climates?

Lesson 2: The Functions of Plant Parts

·        Leaves

o       2 shapes – needle and broad leaves

o       When leaves fall off of trees in the fall, the plant is entering into a state of dormancy

o       Transpiration is when water is given off by plants through their leaves

o       When the surface of the leaf is heated by the sun, the water evaporates and become a gas and escapes

·        Stems

o       Give support to the plant

o       Carry nutrients and water to the plants parts

o       Some are thin and waxy that last for one growing season

o       Others are thick and woody that last each year

·        Roots

o       Hold plants to the soil

o       Taproots are one main root that grows deep into the soil.  They hold the plant in place.  They also have root hairs that take in water and nutrients.

o       Fibrous roots are the small and there are many of them.  Grass has fibrous roots

·        Adaptations

o       Venus’ Flytrap traps a fly in the trap and digests it to get nutrients that it cannot get from the ground

 Review Questions

1. What are the two main types of leaves?
2. What characteristic of plants determines whether a plant lives one season or more seasons?
3. What do roots do to help plants survive?
4. What do you think is an important use of woody stems?
5. What triggers the Venus' Flytrap leaf to snap shut?
6. What happens to the insect's skeleton?
7. In what wasy is the Venus' flytrap simlar to other plants?

Lesson 3: Plant Life Cycles

·        Seeds form in the cones of conifers and also in flowers

·        Seeds are the first part of the plant’s life cycle.

·        They need warmth, water, and air. 

·        When a seed starts to sprout we call it germinate

·        The stamen makes the pollen which is a kind of powder

·        the pistil collects the pollen

·        The bottom part of the pistil is the ovary.

·        pollen goes down into the pistil through the stigma, through the stile to the ovary.

·        Pollination happens when pollen is carried from a stamen to a pistil by wind or animals.

·        Spores are made from one cell

·        They are like seeds but they are not the same

·        The spores grow on the back of the leaves of some plants.

·        Some plants grow from seeds, some from bulbs

·        Some can grow from a stem put in water.

·        When people take a stem from one plant and place it into the stem of another plant and those two plants grow together, that is called grafting.

·        Potatoes are tubers, or swollen underground stems that are often eaten.

 Review Questions

1. What is the first part of a flowering plant's life cycle?
2. In what ways do seeds form?
3. Where do spores form on ferns?
4. What are two ways plants reproduce?
5. What kind of plant reproduces from spores on the back of its leaves?
6. What type of climate probably speeds up the cycle?
7. What adaptation do spider plants have for reproduction?
8. Which two plant adaptations can be split into pieces to grow new plants?
9. By what means can some plants' stems be used to make new plants?

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